1.重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室 / 安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽 芜湖 241000
2.有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室 / 广东省热带亚热带植物资源重点实验室 / 中山大学生命科学学院, 广东 广州 510275
3.上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室 / 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海 200241
李绪杰(1998年生),男;研究方向:植物系统分类学;E-mail: lixj267@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
李晓红(1979年生),女;研究方向:植物保护生物学、分子谱系地理学;E-mail:lxh79668@ahnu.edu.cn
纸质出版日期:2021-11-25,
网络出版日期:2021-04-22,
收稿日期:2020-11-12,
录用日期:2021-03-25
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李绪杰,盛雅娟,张彤等.多花黄精花粉萌发与传粉生物学特性[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2021,60(06):110-120.
LI Xujie,SHENG Yajuan,ZHANG Tong,et al.The pollen germination and pollination biology of Polygonatum cyrtonema[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2021,60(06):110-120.
李绪杰,盛雅娟,张彤等.多花黄精花粉萌发与传粉生物学特性[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2021,60(06):110-120. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2020E050.
LI Xujie,SHENG Yajuan,ZHANG Tong,et al.The pollen germination and pollination biology of Polygonatum cyrtonema[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2021,60(06):110-120. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2020E050.
以同质园移栽的多花黄精
Polygonatum cyrtonema
Hua为研究对象,对其开花物候、访花昆虫种类、访花行为及传粉过程进行观察,并采用单因素和正交设计研究不同培养基(蔗糖、H
3
BO
3
、CaCl
2
)对多花黄精离体花粉萌发的影响,比较I
2
-KI染色法、MTT染色法与TTC染色法测定花粉活力的差异,检测其花粉活力与柱头可授性,并统计其自然结实率。结果表明:① 多花黄精花期为4月末到6月初,盛花期在5月中旬,单株、花序和单花水平的花期依次为8~13、3~7、1~3 d,开花振幅为多峰曲线式样,开花同步性较高,花期同步指数为0.81 ± 0.12;② 离体花粉萌发的最适条件是150.00 g/L蔗糖 + 200.00 mg/L H
3
BO
3
+ 250.00 mg/L CaCl
2
;③ TTC染色法是快速且适宜的测定多花黄精离体花粉活力的方法;④ 花粉在开花前1~2 d开始有活力,在开花后2~3 d花粉活力最高,此后随着花药散粉活力逐渐下降,花枯萎后花粉活力丧失;⑤ 柱头在开花前1~2 d至开花后4~5 d均有可授性,其中开花后2~3 d柱头可授性最高;⑥ 多花黄精的传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂
Apis cerana
、黑带食蚜蝇
Episyrphus balteatus
和熊蜂
Bombus latreille
,中华蜜蜂是其主要的传粉昆虫;⑦ 多花黄精自然结实率为46.35% 。
In this study, we focused on the pollen germination of
Polygonatum cyrtonema
Hua in homogeneous garden. We examined the flowering phenology, floral visitors as pollinators, and pollination biology. The single factor and orthogonal test were designed to study the effect of different culture medium (sucrose, boric acid and calcium chloride) on pollen germination
in vitro
, and I
2
-KI, MTT and TTC methods were applied to determine the pollen viability, the stigma receptivity at different times during flowering were estimated and the fruit production was recorded. Results showed that: ① Flowering began in late April, peaked toward the middle of May, and finished in the begin of June, the flowering lifespan of an individual, inflorescence and intact flower was 8~13 d, 3~7 d and 1~3 d respectively. The flowering amplitude of inflorescence showed a multi-peak curve, and the synchronous index is 0.81±0.12. ② The best medium for pollen germination was: sucrose 150.00 g/L + H
3
BO
3
200.00 mg/L+CaCl
2
250.00 mg/L. ③ TTC was the most effective method to determine pollen viability of
P. cyrtonema
.④ The pollen was active at the first 2 days before flowering, reached highest at the second or third day of flowering, and gradually decreased with anther dehiscenced and pollen released. After withering, no pollen viability was detected. ⑤ The stigma had receptivity at the first 2 days before flowering, reached highest at the second or third day of flowering, and was still receptive at the fourth to fifth day of flowering. ⑥ The pollinators of
P. cyrtonema
were
Apis cerana
,
Episyrphus balteatus
and
Bombus latreille
, and
Apis cerana
was the major pollinators. ⑦ The average fruit production of
P. cyrtonema
was 46.35%.
多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua开花物候花粉萌发柱头可授性传粉昆虫中华蜜蜂Apis cerana
Polygonatum cyrtonemaflowering phenologypollen germinationstigma receptivitypollinatorsApis cerana
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