Based on the meteorological data of 15 stations in Anhui province, influences of different disaster inducing factors on drought and flood were analyzed by using linear regression, Mann-Kendall test method, wavelet analysis and Z index to explore the trend of drought and floor in this province under global warming condition. The results showed that: ① Anhui has experienced a series of climate phase transformation from cold-dry to cold-wet, warm-wet, and warm-dry during recent 53 years, with warming and wetting trend on the whole, but warming and drying since the 21th century. ② The summer and winter precipitation shows an upward trend, while the autumn and spring precipitation decreases; summer precipitation increase makes the largest contribution to the precipitation changes. On the time scale, there are 28, 22, 14 and 4 year oscillation cycles. ③ Droughts and floods in recent 53 years present a seriously overall downward trend, with alternation of floods and droughts and an obvious inter-decadal variation. ④ In the aspect of spatial distribution, droughts mainly occur at the juncture of Wanxi area, while floods mainly occur in the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River downstream.