纸质出版日期:2017,
网络出版日期:2017-11-25
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中国极端降水与温度关系存在明显季节、区域差异,研究极端降水与温度的相关关系,可为中国极端气候预测与防治工作提供理论依据。选用中国757个气象站点日温资料及降水资料,以90%为极端降水阈值,通过数理统计方法,从季节、经纬度角度研究发现:①中国大陆地区全年极端降水与温度关系增长率符合 Clausius - Clapeyron(C-C)关系,不同区域不同季节适用性不同;②季节上,温度上升 P90d-T 关系变化率增大,夏季最高;③中国大陆地区100°-110°E区域内超C-C关系的气象站点比重最大,P90d-T 关系变化率最高,均由此向东西两侧递减,东侧递减更快,中低纬地区 P90d-T 关系变化率高,中高纬低;④受季风影响大的区域,极端降水与温度关系随季节变化也大,尤其以西南地区变幅最高;⑤大陆性气候越明显的地区,超C-C关系的站点更多,C-C关系在该区域的适用性越差。
The relationship between extreme precipitation and surface temperature greatly varies with season and region-Understanding such relationship is helpful to the prediction and mitigation of extreme climate. Temperature and precipitation records at 757 meteorological stations are used in this study. Extreme precipitation is defined as the 90th percentile of precipitation. Using the mathematical statistics, we found that ① in general the scaling rate of extreme precipitation with surface temperature is determined by the Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) relationship. However, the scaling rate varies with season and region; ② the scaling rate is greatest in summer; ③ in the longitude direction, the scaling rate seems highest in the region band ranging from 100-110°E, and it decreases towards both sides of this band; in the latitude direction, the scaling rate is higher in the low-mid latitude region than the mid-high latitude region; ④ the seasonality of the scaling rate tightly associated with the monsoon system, and it is strongest in the southeast region; ⑤ there are more stations with the super C-C scaling rate in the continental climate zone.
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