最新刊期
卷 63 ， 期 6 ， 2024
- 摘要：The Department of Mathematics， Sun Yat-sen University is one of the departments established in the earliest stage of university establishment，and is also one of the earlier departments of Mathematics in China. At the initial stage， a large number of mathematicians with international horizon were recruited to serve as faculty members and dominated the construction and development of the mathematical discipline. During its early days， Mathematics formed its advanced training system for mathematical talents， and trained many outstanding alumni such as Li Guoping， Li Huazong， Zhou Shaotang， etc. After the faculty recombination nationwide in 1952， the renowned mathematician Prof， Jiang Lifu began to dominate the construction of the mathematical discipline at Sun Yat-sen University for a long period of time， and Mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University has formed its own modern integrate training system for mathematical talents， and has successively trained outstanding alumni such as Lu Qikeng， Ye Shuhua， and Huang Huahua. Mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University has also formed its own advantage research field and achieved many front research results. After the reform and opening up， the Mathematical Department of Sun Yat-sen University， under the guidance of Prof. Deng Donggao， has vigorously enriched its faculty through recruiting and training， and laid a solid foundation for the leapfrog development of Mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University. The faculty team of pure mathematics was selected as one of the third batch of "Huang Danian Teachers' Teams in National Universities". Mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University has formed a multi-level training system for innovative talents， including the Mathematics Base Class， Top Talent Program 2.0， Strong Foundation Program， PhD and Master's Degree graduates. Mathematics at Sun Yat-sen University has also made a very outstanding performance in scientific research during recent years，with seven people receiving the National Outstanding Young Scientist Fund，five papers published in four top international journals of pure mathematics，twice the second class prizes of the National Natural Science Award， and three times the first class prizes of the Natural Science Award of the Ministry of Education.关键词：mathematics;discipline construction;Huang Dainian-style faculty team;Sun Yat-sen University
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The physics department of Sun Yat-sen University has been constructed for 100 years since Sun Yat-sen University（SYSU） was established by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1924. During this period， a number of outstanding educators and scientists have emerged， such as Zhou Yukan， Gao Zhaolan， Li Huazhong， Guo Shuohong， Mo Dang， Zhang Chunxiang， Zhang Jinxiu， Yu Zhenxin， and Luo Weiyin. Physics in SYSU， has experienced the scientific and human-centered department-building stage at first， the hardships of university relocation between 1938 and 1945， and the development of sub-disciplines since 1952 leading to a relatively complete layout of physics disciplines and a series of honors such as the State Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy and the first batch of doctoral programs in physics in China. Since the 21st century， School of Physics Science and Engineering in SYSU hatched out Institut Franco-Chinois de l’Energie Nucléaire， School of Microelectronics and School of Materials Science and Engineering. After 2015， the distribution of homogeneous and alienated schools in the three campuses of the physics has been gradually formed. The majors of physics and photoelectric information science and engineering in Sun Yat-sen University have become the national first-class majors. Professional research institutions such as Tianqin Center for gravitational physics and Guangdong Basic Discipline Center， and large-scale facilities such as high-energy direct geometry inelastic neutron scattering time-of-flight spectrometer jointly support to contribute to the development of scientific undertakings in theoretical physics， condensed matter， optics， plasma physics， astronomy and other disciplines in SYSU.关键词：physics;discipline construction;Sun Yat-sen University
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The Department of Chemistry at Sun Yat-sen University was formed by the merged of the former Department of Chemistry at Sun Yat-sen University and the Department of Chemistry at Lingnan University. It has been in existence for one hundred years. With the efforts of Chen Zongnan， H.S. Frank， Long Kanghou， Lin Shang’an， Zeng Hanmin， Ji Liangnian， Chen Xiaoming， and other heads of departments and scientists， the department has overcome difficulties and obstacles and gone through a 100-year journey. Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of the discipline. Polymer Chemistry and Physics， Inorganic Chemistry have become national key disciplines. Chemistry has become a first-level discipline doctoral degree authorization point， and trained a number of academic leaders such as Liang Dongcai， Huang Weiyuan， Jiang Yuansheng， Su Qiang， Jiang Zhonghong， Huang Cuifen， and other academicians. National needs have always guided the construction and development of the chemistry discipline. By building platforms， gathering talents and cross-disciplines， the Chemistry has greatly promoted the integration of academia， research and industry. At each stage of development， the knowledge from the basic scientifc research has made essential contributions to national progress and social development. In 2017， Chemistry became a "Double First-Class" initiative construction discipline and entered the national echelon of discipline construction.关键词：chemistry discipline;polymer chemistry and physics;inorganic chemistry;discipline construction;Sun Yat-sen University
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：In 1924，Dr. Sun Yat-sen founded the National Guangdong University，which included the department of geology in sciences. From the outset，the department of geology was established with a high academic standard and a focus on the Guangdong region as its distinctive feature. Many well-known scholars from both domestic and foreign countries were employed to teach at the university during the early years. In 1927，the Geological Survey of Kwangtung and Kwangsi was established，greatly enhancing the training of field practice. The high-level science setting and international geological theory applied in the South China formed a discipline feature that integrated European schools and had a local flavor of the Lingnan region. The geological higher education at Sun Yat-sen University during the democratic revolutionary period of modern history had a leading position and created a brilliant history of geology in China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China，the geology program at Sun Yat-sen University went through the national college and faculty reorganization in 1952，as well as many difficult restoration and adjustment processes. Nevertheless，the department has combined with the different stages of national economic development to establish new academic directions such as geological engineering，gemstone and mineral materials，and earth information science and technology. Since the geology department was reestablished as an independent department in 2002，it has regained its strength under the favorable regional conditions of China's reform and opening up and the profound historical legacy，and has now become a professional training base for high education in geology，geophysics，and geological engineering. Now the School of Earth Sciences and Engineering in Zhuhai，with a brand-new look and a high level of scientific research and teaching platform，has attracted outstanding students and scientific talents from all over the world.关键词：Sun Yat-sen University（SYSU）;geology;100th anniversary of SYSU;the geological survey of Kwangtung & Kwangsi;school of earth science and engineering
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Since 1924， the biology discipline of Sun Yat-sen University has gone through a long history and made remarkable achievements and emerged a number of outstanding scientists and educators， such as Chen Huanyong， Luo Zongluo， Zhu Xi， Pu Zhelong， Chen Xintao， Zhang Hongda， and Lin Haoran. The department experienced difficulties in its early establishment， the hardships of university relocation between 1938 and 1945， but also gained the benefits from incorporating Lingnan University's biology discipline during departmental restructuring. In the early 1980s， scholars such as Qu Lianghu and Xu Anlong returned to China and set up their labs in the biology department. Since then， the biology discipline achieved great progress. Closely focused on the national needs and the international scientific frontier， the biologists in the department have always adhered to critical issues and carried out innovative research and practice in many areas， such as parasite research and practice， biological control， flora and classification， aquaculture， crop breeding， RNA omics， and biodiversity. Importantly， Zoology， Entomology， Botany， Biochemistry， and Molecular Biology have successively become national key disciplines. Since 2017， both the Biology and Ecology of Sun Yat-sen University have become “Double First-Class” initiative construction disciplines and entered the national echelon of discipline construction.关键词：biology discipline;biology;ecology;discipline construction;Sun Yat-sen University
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发布时间：2024-11-25
Column of centennial disciplines history at Sun Yat-sen University（Contributing editor: ZHANG Bing）
- 摘要：Road is a corridor built by people to promote cultural and material exchanges， and plays an important role in the foundation of social， economic and cultural development. Because of the big difference in habitat between road corridor and forest interior， plants are not easy to grow. How to construct roadside vegetation through ecological restoration has become one of the focus issues of road corridor ecological construction. In this study， a total of 144 roadside plots were set up in 18 suburban roads in Guangzhou after a long period of recovery， in which plant communities were investigated， and then the data were comprehensively analyzed. We also compared the environmental factors of 6 rods with their adjacent forest interior habitats， and determined the physiological and ecological indexes of representative dominant suitable species. We try to answer 3 scientific questions： （1） What are the environmental factors restricting plant growth along the road compared with forest interior？ （2） What are the natural plants in the roadside？ （3） Why do these plants grow in roadside environment？ The main results are as follows： （1） Compared with forest interior， the main ecological factors limiting the growth of plants in roadside habitats are intense light， high temperature and drought. （2） A total of 33 natural dominant species were selected， of which 16 were widely distributed along roads and in forest interior， and 17 were mainly widely distributed in the roadside. There were 2 evergreen species and 9 deciduous species； the deciduous species accounted for 27.3%. There were 24 tree species， 6 shrub species and 3 vine species， accounting for 72.7% of the total. （3） The natural plants along the road had the characteristics of increasing number and quantity of positive tree species， dwarfing of tree form， high sharpness， thickening of total leaf thickness， palisade tissue and spongy tissue， etc. It has the physiological and ecological characteristics of higher net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency； These characteristics also explain the mechanism of its adaptation， and can be used as the scientific basis for selecting species of roadside restoration. This study reveals the mechanism of why these plants can naturally adapt to the roadside habitat in suburban Guangzhou， and enriches the ecological construction theory of highway ecological corridor. The proposed biogenic dominant species is the priority species selection for rapid ecological restoration of highway corridor vegetation in suburban Guangzhou， and has a reference value for road ecological corridor construction in other areas.关键词：Guangzhou suburban road;roadside habitat;suitable species;adaptive characteristics
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is widely distributed in the tropics and is considered to be a tropical or pantropical species capable of producing multiple toxins. In the last three decades， the distribution of the species has shown a strong trend of “spreading” on a global scale， and it has been widely occurring in many water bodies in Europe， North America and Asia. Nowadays， the species has been widely found in China， and is abundant in many lakes and reservoirs， especially in those for drinking water supply in southern China. It has been reducing water supply safety and largely impaired aquatic ecosystem health. In the lowland reservoirs of the Pearl River basin， the species has become the most dominant cyanobacterial species. It is predicted that C. raciborskii will become the second most harmful cyanobacteria species in China's fresh water after Microcystis spp. In order to avoid the dilemma similar to passive response to heavy Microcystis blooms in the country scale， it is required to carry out a prospective ecological study based on modern ecological concepts， and to understand the biological and ecological basis of its rapid and large-scale occurrence and dominance. In this review， the expansion mechanism， competitive advantage at population level and its impact on aquatic ecosystems were commented from the perspective of biogeography and population ecology. We summerised phosphorus uptake mechanisms by the species and its adaptability to tropical aquatic environment. Under global climate warming， the Pearl River Basin and its adjacent areas will function as the “seed” source area for the species to diffuse northward. The species will take advantage of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau as a stepping-stone to enter the Yangtze River basin and further spread to higher latitudes. So， we emphasize that the Pearl River Basin and its adjacent areas are the critical area for the study of C. raciborskii in both East Asia and the global scale. We strongly suggest to carry out interdisciplinary approaches to the ecology of C. raciborskii for formulating national monitoring programs， controlling methods and management strategies.关键词：cyanobacterial blooming;algal toxin;expansion;competition;invasion
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The sophisticated topography and geomorphology of the Danxia landscape shaped high ecosystem diversity， but it has not been systematically classified， and its spatial location and the characteristics of the main ecosystem types have also not been well investigated. This study focuses on the Danxiashan National Park in Shaoguan and proposes an ecosystem classification system for Danxia geomorphic types under the IUCN global ecosystem classification framework， together with the vegetation types and special topographic and geomorphic characteristics of Mt. Danxiashan. Through remote sensing data and field survey work， the ecosystems were spatially positioned and visualized mapping was implemented. The results show that there are 81 different ecosystem types within the reserve， including 3 types of level I， 6 types of level Ⅱ， 12 types of level Ⅲ， 28 types of level Ⅳ， and 81 types level V. In addition， the spatial positioning and pattern analysis of various levels of ecosystems were conducted， with special attention given to the 4 characteristic ecosystems of Mt. Danxiashan， including 23 categories of mountaintop ecosystems， 13 categories of valley ecosystems， 4 categories of cave ecosystems， and 4 categories of cliff ecosystems， each of which was displayed separately and spatially. This study has revealed the unique topographic and geomorphic characteristics and ecosystem diversity features of the Mt. Danxiashan area， deepened the understanding of the ecosystem diversity and formation mechanism of Mt. Danxiashan. The data can serve as an important reference for the protection and management of ecosystems in protected areas.关键词：Danxia landform;ecosystem classification;visualization;mapping
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：There is an obvious diurnal asymmetrical warming around the world. Photosynthesis takes place at daytime， while respiration occurs through day and night. Day and night warming may change the balance between photosynthesis and respiration， consequently influencing plant growth. Invasive alien plants usually have stronger resource capture ability and energy use efficiency relative to native plants. What is the effect of day and night warming on the growth and competitiveness of invasive plants？ Thus， two invasive plants Bidens alba （also called Bidens pilosa） and Eupatorium catarium， and a native plant Emilia sonchifolia were selected. The effects of warming on plant growth， biomass allocation and inter-competition of invasive plants and native plants were studied. The results showed that daytime warming significantly increased the total biomass and aboveground biomass of the two invasive plants， while whole day warming significantly increased the total biomass and aboveground biomass of the native plants. The root-shoot ratio of B. alba under whole-day warming was significantly higher than that under other warming treatments， while the root-shoot ratio of the other two plants was the lowest under whole-day warming. Night warming and whole day warming promoted the inhibitory effect of invasive plants on native plants. All three warming treatments reduced the competitive response of the two invasive plants to E. sonchifolia， but the difference between different warming treatments was not significant， indicating that the competitive response of native plants to E. sonchifolia did not show significant competitor dependence.关键词：global warming;exotic plants;invasiveness
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：More frequent and more extreme drought events under global change have posed severe threats to global ecosystems. Forests play an irreplaceable role in maintaining global ecosystem stability. Because different tree species show varying degrees of drought sensitivity， which is especially true at the early natural regeneration stage， where seed production， germination， and seedling growth of tree species strongly depend on water conditions， it is of profound significance to explore the underlying mechanisms of the intraspecific differences of species in response to drought. While numerous experimental and integrated studies have been conducted for adult tree responses to drought， integrated studies on the natural regeneration of trees are still lacking. In this study， a meta-analysis was conducted by collecting the data of regeneration-related indicators such as seed yield， seed germination， seedling emergence and seedling survival based on field observations and controlled experiments at the global scale. We quantified drought effects on the natural regeneration of different tree species and explored the explanatory potential of plant functional traits ［i.e.， leaf area， leaf thickness， plant height， root rooting depth， seed dry mass， specific leaf area （SLA）， stomatal conductance， P50， leaf water potential］ on the differential drought responses across species. Functional traits affecting natural regeneration of trees under drought stress showed a coordinated relationship among photosynthesis and leaf morphologies. The species that could reduce water loss while maintaining high photosynthetic rate tend to have a stronger regeneration capacity. This study provides integrative evidence of the effects of tree functional traits on natural regeneration under drought stress and highlights the importance of incorporating plant trait information in forest conservation under global climate change.关键词：drought;regeneration;tree;traits;meta-analysis
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：In present study， we investigated the community structure and diversity of soil bacteria in five common forest types in Kunyu Mountain， and explored the underlying mechanisms of effect of stand difference on soil bacteria， aiming to provide theoretical foundation for forest health recognition and sustainable forest management locally， and deepen the understanding on the interaction between plant and microorganism. Six common forest types in Kunyu Mountain， including Pinus densiflora， Quercusa acutissima， mixed P. densiflora-Q. cutissima， Robinia pseudoacacia， and miscellaneous broadleaved mixed forest were selected as the research objects， and the non-forest land was selected as the control. The community structure and diversity of soil bacteria under these forest types were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA genes， as well as the soil chemical properties. The results showed that， the α diversity of soil flora in Q. acutissima forest， as well as in the control was significantly higher than that in other forest types， NMDS analysis showed there were significant differences in bacterial community structure among forest types （P< 0.05）. The three flora with the highest relative abundance at the phylum level were Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria， and Actinobacteria. The soil of mixed P. densiflora-Q. acutissima showed the lowest pH， while the miscellaneous forest showed obviously higher SOM （99.92 g/kg） and available nitrogen （317.24 mg/kg） than that of other forest types. The R. pseudoacacia forest showed the highest available phosphorus （78.8 mg/kg） among all forest types， and all forest types showed higher soil nutrients than the control. Canonical correlation analysis （CCA） indicated that the SOM， total phosphorus， and available phosphorus significantly impacted the bacterial community， and Mantel test further confirmed that the latter two factors took the main charge. Above all， our results revealed that， in Kunyu Mountain， the vegetation types had a significant impact on the soil bacterial community structure， and the soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus may play a key role therein.关键词：soil microbes;bacterial diversity;community structure;Quercusa acutissima forest;Robinia pseudoacacia forest
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：To solve the present situation of low boron and high cadmium in dryland soils and increasingly serious cadmium pollution in vegetables in southern China， in this study， we chose the Guangdong specialty vegetable Chinese flowering cabbage （Brassica parachinensis L） as the research object and performed to study the regulatory effects of exogenous boron addition on its growth characteristics and cadmium absorption. The vegetable physiological mechanism of boron regulation under cadmium stress was also explored from the perspectives of antioxidant enzymes and AsA-GSH cycle key enzyme activities. The results showed that under 5 μmol/L cadmium treatment， 20 and 50 μmol/L exogenous boron addition significantly increased the plant height and root length of Chinese flowering cabbage by more than 50%， and the aboveground and underground biomass was increased significantly by 114.19% and 187.59% with 50 μmol/L boron addition compared with the 0.25 μmol/L boron. The results indicated that appropriate application of boron supply would effectively alleviate the cadmium stress on vegetable growth. Additionally， the addition of exogenous boron as 10， 20 and 50 μmol/L could reduce cadmium absorption to 24.0% in the aboveground and underground parts of Chinese flowering cabbage. We also found that there were differences in the activity changes of antioxidant enzymes and AsA-GSH cycle key enzymes with different exogenous boron addition under cadmium stress. Overall， it can be concluded that the appropriate concentration of boron addition could effectively improve the SOD， POD， CAT， APX， DHAR and GR activities of the aboveground and underground parts of Chinese flowering cabbage under cadmium stress， to enhance its antioxidant capacity and promote its AsA-GSH cycle， thereby reducing the stress effect and cadmium absorption. Accordingly， screening suitable boron fertilizer categories and application rates would further achieve control over the cadmium contents in edible parts of vegetables within their safe limits. This conclusion would provide a scientific reference for rational application of boron fertilizer to ensure the safe planting of vegetables on farmland soil with moderate to mild cadmium pollution.关键词：boron;Chinese flowering cabbage （Brassica parachinensis L）;cadmium;enzymatic activity;AsA-GSH cycle
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发布时间：2024-11-25
Column of Ecology （Contributing editor: PENG Shaolin）
- 摘要：Complex science and engineering computing applications require the converging of three computing modes： Numerical simulation， big data processing， and artificial intelligence. However， traditional supercomputers cannot efficiently support the above three computing modes at the same time. We reconstructed the supercomputer's parallel file system， parallel communication system， resource management and job scheduling system etc.， and further designed a supercomputer-based big data processing framework and artificial intelligence inference framework， building a converged environment based on supercomputers. Experiments show that the proposed converged system can support the coupling of three computing paradigms as well as improve the performance significantly， providing a comprehensive environment for complex scientific engineering computing applications.关键词：converged computing;supercomputer;science and engineering computing
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The fixation of carbon in plants is a crucial step in the carbon cycle， significantly impacting global food production and climate change. Within this process， the ribulose-1，5-bisphosphate carboxylase enzyme plays a pivotal role. There exists a delicate balance between the enzyme's catalytic rate and its specificity： as the specificity decreases， the catalytic rate rises， but this is accompanied by an increase in toxic by-products from side reactions， ultimately affecting overall efficiency. However， aquatic plants possess a unique mechanism for carbon dioxide enrichment， effectively minimizing the impact of side reactions and creating a more favorable environment for the enzyme. Using the submergence events of higher aquatic plants as a starting point， we comprehensively studied the convergent evolution of the large subunit protein of ribulose-1，5-bisphosphate carboxylase （RuBisCO） in these plants. Our aim was to identify convergent evolutionary sites related to submergence events and explore changes in the enzyme's physicochemical properties following the emergence of the carbon dioxide enrichment mechanism， providing new insights for optimizing the enzyme. We collected protein sequence information for ribulose-1，5-bisphosphate carboxylase from 48 species belonging to six orders： Alismatales， Lamiales， Saxifragales， Hydrocharitales， Cornales， and Ceratophyllales， and identified six submergence events. Employing the PCOC analysis method， we integrated data from these six submergence events to investigate common evolutionary trends in aquatic plants. Our analysis revealed the potential existence of a convergent evolutionary site in aquatic plants， located at position 328 in the protein sequence， adjacent to the enzyme's active center. We hypothesize that substitutions at this site may enhance the flexibility of controlling the entry of reaction substrates into the active center， thereby facilitating the entry of carbon dioxide and increasing the enzyme's catalytic rate. The discovery of this convergent evolutionary site provides a research direction and theoretical basis for subsequent enzyme improvement and mutation experiments. Our findings will contribute to further optimizing the catalytic efficiency and adaptability of this enzyme.关键词：ribulose-1，5-bisphosphate carboxylase;submergence events of higher aquatic plants;carbon dioxide enrichment mechanism;convergent evolution
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The Shimao Site is a significant burial city recording activities from the late Longshan period to the Xia period in northern China. Unearthed jade artifacts from this site provide important references for understanding early Chinese civilization， productivity level， and cultural exchanges between regions. This study focused on 16 unearthed jade artifacts from the East Gate Spot of the Shimao site. The artifacts were analyzed through hands-on observation， infrared spectroscopy， and portable fluorescence spectroscopy to examine their workmanship， materials， mineral compositions， and possible origins. The results revealed that out of 16 jade artifacts， 12 pieces （75%） were composed of tremolite， while the remaining 4 pieces （25%） were made of carbonate or serpentine. This suggests that the ancestors at the Shimao site in the Hetao Area， northern Shaanxi， primarily used tremolite jade artifacts during 2100 BC-1900 BC， which differed significantly from the preference of cotemporaneous ancestors at other sites， such as Taosi， Qingliang Temple， and Xiajin sites， in southern Shanxi. Three jade pieces， known as Yazhang， were identified as the oldest in terms of workmanship and materials. This indicates that jade culture in Shimao may be a new combination of jade cultures in West China and East China， and later influenced the jade culture in Central China during the Xia Dynasty. It was also found that 12 tremolite jade pieces were made of raw materials of marble-type metasomatism origin， according to mineral compositions and semi-quantitative trace elements. These pieces were classified into four types （A，B，C，and D） based on differences in color， structure， luster， and other characteristics. The raw materials of Type A （more pieces） and Type C likely came from Maxian Mountain in central Gansu， while other sources， such as the Liao River Basin， Mazong Mountain， and Hanxia of Dunhuang in western Gansu， cannot be excluded. Type B probably originated from Golmud in Qinghai province， while the source of type D， black tremolite jade， could not be determined. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of the Shimao site in the formation of civilization during the late Longshan-Xia period.关键词：unearthed jade artifacts;scientific testing;jade material type;Yazhang;East Gate Spot of Shimao Site
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Paired-up assistance work by universities has become one of the essential forms to promote rural revitalization，and it is facing a shift in targeted objects to all farmers，requirements to the "five revitalizations"，and measures to promote high-quality development. Therefore，universities should give full play to their professional advantages and establish a sustainable paired-up assistance model combined with education and teaching. Under the background of paired-up assistance work in universities，this paper takes the co-creation work of Hongtang village in Fengqing County，Yunnan Province，carried out by the research team as a case study to discuss the mode of college support for rural planning and construction. Based on the theoretical research and practical exploration of universities at home and abroad in paired-up assistance for rural revitalization，this paper summarizes the experiences of Hongtang village，builds a "co-creation" paired-up assistance model of professors' and students' companion support in villages and organizing multi-party participation，and puts forward suggestions on giving full play to the professional advantages of urban and rural planning based on the orientation of local needs；combining the practice of rural assistance with the teaching and research of urban and rural planning major；cultivating rural designers and talents；encouraging the participation of professors and students of multiple majors，the implementation path of which，provides a reference for the education of universities combined with the practice of rural revitalization.关键词：rural revitalization;university paired-up assistance;rural human settlement environment;co-creation;Fengqing County of Yunnan Province
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：This paper provides a popular overview of wavelet analysis， which emerged in the late 1980s， from the perspective of signal processing. The content includes the basic problems and key historical events on wavelet analysis， and their significance and role in signal processing. The author hopes this article can provide a scientific demonstration of what wavelet theory is and why it is important. In addition， the author also provides a brief introduction to the empirical model decomposition and graph signal processing that emerged in the field of time-frequency analysis after wavelet analysis. As a invited review for the centennial anniversary of Sun Yat-sen University， this article provides a brief review of the basic lineup of the wavelet analysis research team at Sun Yat-sen University and the important academic events carried out over the past years.关键词：wavelet analysis;function approximation;signal processing;pattern recognition
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：In class-incremental learning， the imbalance between new and old classes leads to Minority Collapse， resulting in decreased performance for old classes. Existing methods typically rely on empirical adjustments to the geometric relationships between classes in the deep feature space to avoid Minority Collapse， lacking theoretical guidance. Neural Collapse theoretically reveals the optimal geometric structure between classes—the Equiangular Tight Frame （ETF）. Inspired by this， this paper proposes a method called Continuous Construction of Neural Collapse （CCNC） to address Minority Collapse. The method constrains the formation of an ETF structure through compactness loss and equiangular loss. The imbalanced data distribution can lead to inaccurate global centroid estimation and difficulties in maintaining constraints among old classes， rendering these losses ineffective. To address the above two issues， the paper presents a classifier vector supplementation module and a hard example sampling module， respectively. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method successfully induces Neural Collapse and outperforms the current best methods on the CIFAR100 and ImageNet datasets.关键词：class-incremental learning;Neural Collapse;Minority Collapse;dynamically expanding architecture
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发布时间：2024-11-25
Column of academic collection（Contributing editor: HU Jianxun）
- 摘要：Tumor drug resistance is one of the biggest obstacles limiting cancer treatment， and the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of drug resistance. In order to further explore the role and mechanism of microenvironment-mediated tumor drug resistance， it is necessary to comprehensively and systematically study the dynamic evolution of the tumor ecosystem during drug treatment. Mathematical models can be used to describe the interactions and changes of various components in the tumor microenvironment， thereby revealing the mechanism and evolution of tumor drug resistance mediated by the microenvironment， and providing a reference and theoretical basis for designing more effective treatment strategies. In this paper， we first introduce some concepts of microenvironment-mediated evolutionary dynamics modeling of tumor drug resistance， then classify and introduce the latest research progress of various mathematical models in this field. Furthermore， we introduce the process of developing mathematical models of drug resistance using various methods by taking glioma microenvironment as an example. At last， we look forward to further research directions.关键词：mathematical oncology;evolutionary dynamics modeling;drug resistance;tumor microenvironment
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：The multiscale three-dimensional genome structure drives gene expression and cell-fate decision. Although significant progress has been made in the study of one-dimensional linear genomes， it is still unclear how the dynamic structure of three-dimensional spatial genomes affects spatiotemporal gene expression changes functionally. In recent years， the development of sequencing and imaging technologies has led to a series of advances in the study of four-dimensional nucleome genomics. In this review， we discuss the multiscale nature of the three-dimensional genome structure， its complex regulation of gene expression， and its spatiotemporal dynamics. Subsequently， we theoretically model this complex chromatin structure dynamics， epigenetic modification dynamics， and gene expression dynamics， and propose a predictive multiscale coupled modeling framework. Finally， we discuss future research directions on four-dimensional nucleome dynamics.关键词：three-dimensional genome;gene expression;chromatin conformation;epigenetic modification;gene regulation
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Stiff differential equations are very common in system biology， due to the intrinsic complexity and multi-scaling nature of the systems under study. In recent years， a variety of neural-network-based methods suitable for solving stiff differential equations have been proposed. In this study， the performance of four non-temporal neural networks， including fully connected networks， residual networks， improved residual networks， and deep mixed convolutional networks， as well as other three temporal neural networks， including recurrent neural networks（RNN）， long short-term memory networks（LSTM）， and attention mechanisms， are compared systematically with respect to the stiff Belousov-Zhabotinsky（B-Z） reaction and Van der Pol（VdP） equations. Extensive numerical results indicate that for solving stiff problems the accuracy of temporal neural networks is much higher than that of the non-temporal neural networks， the running time of the former is also shorter. Meanwhile， among the four types of non-temporal neural networks， no significant difference is observed. Finally， it is found that the neural ordinary differential equations（ODE-Net） can achieve extremely high accuracy within very little computational time when applying to stiff ordinary differential equations. This study provides insightful guidance for using neural networks to solve stiff differential equations in system biology.关键词：system biology;stiff differential equations;neural networks;ODE-Net
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Many biological systems exhibit critical transitions in their dynamic development processes. For instance， in complex diseases， the condition may not be apparent when far from the critical state； however， upon reaching the critical state， the condition may rapidly deteriorate from a stable phase to a severe phase. It is of great importance to identify biomarkers from high-dimensional biomedical data that can be used to recognize the critical periods of state changes in biological systems， including early warning of diseases. This paper reviews the methods of dynamic network biomarkers and a series of applicable modified methods developed for different data conditions and their applications in the identification and early warning of critical states in biological systems.关键词：state transition;critical state;dynamic network biomarkers（DNB）;early warning signal
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发布时间：2024-11-25 - 摘要：Biomoleuclar networks such as gene regulatory networks， signal transduction networks， metabolic control networks， and protein-protein interaction networks， are main research subjects of computational systems biology. From the viewpoint of stochastic process， these networks can be categorized into Markov and non-Markov reaction networks， depending on experimental measurements of molecular mechanisms. On the other hand， biochemical reaction events happen stochastically， so this necessarily leads to fluctuations in reactive species levels （i.e.，biochemical reaction is inherently noisy）. This molecular noise would play an important role in natural selection， cell fate determination， etc. An unsolved issue is what the biological function of molecular noise is. This article analytically derives calculation formulae for the influences of molecular noise on reactive species levels in general Markov and non-Markov reaction networks， and establishes two practical theorems for the influences of small noise on equilibrium states and characteristic values in a generic Langevin equation. In addition， it analytically shows that the effect of molecular memory is equivalent to the introduction of feedback by taking a generalized birth-death process as an example. The analytical results of this paper not only broad applications but also lay a foundation for statistical inferences based on experimental data.关键词：Markov reaction network;semi-Markov reaction;molecular noise;chemical master equation
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发布时间：2024-11-25
Column of Biomathematics（Contributing editor: ZHOU Tianshou）
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