最新刊期
卷 49 ， 期 5 ， 2010
- 摘要：As an important chemical raw material, the synthetic routes of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) have been developed toward the simple, nontoxic and nonpollution methods. It is proposed that onestep synthesis of DMC from carbon dioxide, especially from carbon dioxide and methanol, has the most significance in the fields of synthetic chemistry, utilization of carbon resources as well as environmental protection. Recent progress in the synthesis of DMC from carbon dioxide and methanol is reviewed with special focus on the design principle, reaction mechanism, technology and catalytic properties of different catalyst systems. Due to the unfavorable thermodynamics of the reaction and the ineffectively activation of reactants in the synthesis of DMC from carbon dioxide and methanol, the current catalysts generally result in low yield and selectivity of DMC, which in turn lead to the most big hurdle for the industrializing feasibility of this technology. In this connection, it is the most important to look for even highly active catalysts together with corresponding carriers for the direct synthesis of DMC from carbon dioxide and methanol.关键词：carbon dioxide;methanol;dimethyl carbonate;catalysis
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The mathematical model of computational fuel cell dynamics (CFCD) is presented by choosing the hydrogenoxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell as an example. Our model includes five basic equations: mass, momentum, transmission components, charge and energy equations, and the relationships among all the physical and chemical quantities as well.关键词：fuel cells;hydrogenoxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cells;computational fuel cell dynamics
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：A method of construction of trivariate compactly supported orthogonal wavelets is studied. By the constructing method, some new trivariate separable and trivariate nonseparable wavelets can be obtained and the method is very simple. Giving the detail of the constructing method, the vanishing moments properties of this new trivariate wavelets are also discussed. Some numerical examples are given.关键词：compactly supported;nontensor product;orthogonal wavelet;scaling function;conjugate filter
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：By means of the theory on time scales, Riccati transformation technique and integral averaging technique, we consider oscillation of generalized secondorder neutral delay EmdenFowler dynamic equation on time scales, establish some oscillation theorems. These results extend and improve the results given, unify the results on oscillation of the secondorder neutral delay EmdenFowler differential equation and difference equation, point out the difference. An example is given to illustrate the results.关键词：time scales;neutral delay EmdenFowler dynamic equations;oscillation
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：A new memory gradient method for unconstrained optimization problems is presented. This method makes use of the current and previous iterative information to generate a decent direction and uses exact linear search or Wolfe inexact linear search to define the stepsize at each iteration. The global convergence and linear convergence rate are proved under some mild conditions. Numerical experiments show that the new method is efficient in practical computation.关键词：unconstrained optimization;memory gradient method;global convergence;linear convergence rate
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Nonlinear difference equations have been widely studied in many fields such as computer science, economics, neural network, ecology, cybernetics, etc. Nonlinear difference boundary value problems have been studied by many various methods, such as the upper and lower solution method, fixed point theorems, and topological degree theory. Also, in recent years, the critical point theory has played an important role in dealing with the existence and multiple results for nonlinear difference boundary value problems. By using critical point theory, the existence of multiple solutions for a class of secondorder nonlinear difference boundary value problems is studied and a new sufficient condition is obtained关键词：difference equation;boundary value problem;critical point;multiple solutions
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Taking the Guangzhou New TV Tower (GNTVT) under construction as a test bed, a detailed introduction of a ambient vibration test conducted on it under normal wind excitation is given. Two different modal analysis methods, namely, frequency domain based method and time domain based method are used to identify the modal parameters of the tower. The first ten modal parameters, namely, modal frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios, have been identified successfully from both methods, and they are compared with those from finite element model of SAP2000. It is shown that several low modes agree well with the analytical ones, but large errors are observed in the higher modes. This shows that modal parameters from this test can be used to update the finite element of the tower, such that a better 〖JP3〗baseline model of the tower can be obtained for future health monitoring and damage detection for the tower.关键词：highrise structure;ambient vibration test;parameter identification;modal analysis;health monitoring
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：A plane quadratic dynamical system is solved by using the perturbationincremental method. It is shown that there are only four cycles in the finite field of this system. Three of smaller amplitudes are the limit cycles (stability, instability and stability respectively) and the larger one is the homoclinic cycle. The untangent curve and the two gradual curves are plotted. The computation result showed that the perturbationincremental method is in good agreement compared with the numerical integral method. It is shown further that the number of the limit cycles of the planar polynomial differential systems (the second part of Hilbters 16 problems) cant be simply solved with using the algebra from the fact that there isnt the common point of intersection of the rate curves of the three limit cycles.关键词：dynamical system;limit cycle;number;distribution
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Based on the requirment of dynamic performance, as combined with the design of ECUV developed by Sun Yatsen University, the method and principle of parameters design for tract motor, reduction ratio and battereies’capacity of electric vehicles were explored and discussed. A performance simulation is carried out by applying Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results show design requirement is fulfilled.关键词：battery car;maximum speed;acceleration time;driving range;simulation
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：According to the symmetry of the kernal of the quadratic term in the graviton Lagrangian and the symmetry of the graviton propagator, a complete basis set of building blocks satisfying this symmetry and obtain their product relations is constructed. Using these building blocks, the propagator expressions of the massive KaluzaKlein graviton and the massless graviton is easily derived, respectively.关键词：graviton propagator;symmetric method;KaluzaKlein theory
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Threedimensional（3D） holographic imaging is a technique to generate cubic images with holography. A 3D object can be divided into a series of twodimensional slices along the optical axis. With an efficient and fast threedimensional GerchbergSaxton algorithm, phaseonly Fourier holograms for 3D objects is generated. Then the holograms are loaded onto a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and the 3D light fields along the optical axis are obtained. The light fields are explicit and coherent, with high contrast and low noise. This technique is applicable in medicine, military, 3D display, micromachining and microtechnology.关键词：holography;3D light field;3D GerchbergSaxton algorithm;computergenerated Fourier hologram
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：An excellent antibacterial cotton fiber/QAS copolymer was synthesized by a two step method. Dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was first grafted onto the surface of cotton fiber using ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator, followed by quaternization with alkyl bromide agents. The optimum grafting conditions were found as following: the concentration of DMAEMA and initiator were 10%(φ) and 20 mmol/L, respectively; the reaction time, solution pH and reaction temperature were 5 h, 1~1.5 and 45 ℃, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the type of solvents had a great effect on the quaternization of grafted DMAEMA, and the best solvent was acetone. The antibacterial activity of the cotton fiber/QAS copolymers depended on the grafting ratios of antibacterial monomers on the cotton fiber. Furthermore, the alkyl chain length of QAS substitution had a significant effect on the antibacterial performance. The grafted DMAEMA cotton fibers quaternized by using mixture of butyl bromide and dodecyl bromide possessed better antibacterial performance than that with butyl bromide alone.关键词：cotton fiber;grafting;quaternary ammonium compound;antibacterial polymer
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The crystallization and melting behavior of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/nano-CaCO3(PP/CC) and its composites modified by compatibilizers were investigated by DSC and WAXD analyses. The results indicated that with increasing the UV exposure time, the melting temperatures of PP decreased and degree of crystallization of PP increased. The crystallization temperature of PP first increased and later decreased and the crystallization temperature of PP in PP/CC composites decreased, especially its composites modified by compatibilizers. The crystallization temperatures of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/CC were higher than that of PP. It is attributed to the heterogonous nucleation of nanoCaCO3. The crystallization temperatures of PP/CC composites modified by PP-g-MA and POE-g-MA were higher than that of unmodified composites. However, the crystallization temperatures of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/CC composites modified by compatibilizers were lower than that of unmodified composites. It is suggested that the UV photo-oxidative degradation resulted in the decreased heterogonous nucleation of carboxylate salts formed by the chemical reaction between compatibilizer and nano-CaCO3particles.关键词：polypropylene;nanocompoaites;UV photo-oxidation;crystallization and melting behavior
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Platinum catalysts supported on carbon aerogel (Pt/CA) were prepared by different reducing agents, including in HCHO, NaBH4and EG (ethylene glycol). The Pt/CA catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that the Pt/CA catalysts synthesized with ethylene glycol reducing agent achieved an extremely uniform Pt dispersion. The size of the Pt nanoparticles was 2.2 nm. Electrochemical analysis showed that the activity order was Pt/CA-EG>Pt/CA-HCHO>Pt/CA-NaBH4. The electrochemical active area and mass activity of the Pt/CA-EG catalyst reached 74.1 m2/g and 248.8 A/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalysts.关键词：direct methanol fuel cells;carbon aerogel;Pt/carbon aerogel catalyst;ethylene glycol
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Zinc acetate as precursor, a series of ZnO films were deposited on glass slide using sol-gel technique by altering the complexants (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine). The phase composition, surface morphology, optical absorption property, surface chemical state, et al. was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL). The degradation of methylene blue impregnated on ZnO films were used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the three kinds of catalyst. The results showed that ZnO thin films prepared with monothanolmine showed excellent c-axis orientation, the main reason was considered as the shorter grain diffusion length. The higher phtocatalytic activity of ZnO films prepared with diethanolamine caused by relatively better optical absorption property and many oxygen defects.关键词：ZnO thin films;complexant;photocatalysis;photoluminescence
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Oolong tea, black tea and dark tea were prepared fromCamellia sinensisvar.baiye dangcongaccording to their corresponding manufacturing processes, respectively. Thein vitroinhibitory activities of the water extracts from the three tea products towards αglucosidase were investigated by Colormetry using maltose as the substrate. Black tea and dark tea showed higher inhibitory activities than oolong tea. On the other hand, the mouse Raw264.7 cells were induced into foam cells by incubation with oxidized low density lipoprotein to examine the protective effects of the three tea products. The cellular contents of total cholesterols was detected by enzymatic colorimetry．The results showed that dark tea processed the highest inhibitory activity on transformation of macrophage-to-foam cells. The inhibitory rates of dark tea, black tea and oolong tea were observed to be 73.29%, 62.31% and 51.93%, respectively．关键词：oolong tea;black tea;dark tea;α-glucosidase;macrophagetofoam cells transformation
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The effects of broodstock density and season on the fecundity of theHirudinariamanillensisunder experimental conditions was evaluated using single factor analysis of variance and other methods. The results showed that, during autumnwinter, the broodstock density could not influence the fertilization ratio, the mean number of cocoons produced and mortalities of broodstock leeches significantly (P>0.05). Hatching rates, mean hatching numbers of cocoons and the cocoon size and wet weight under different densities were significantly different (P<0.05), and among the four density groups, the density of 50 ind·tank-1 were lower than other groups. In springsummer, the fertilization ratios, mean hatching numbers of cocoons and the standard diameters of the cocoons produced by the broodstock leeches were not significantly different among the four density groups (P>0.05). The number of cocoon laid by the broodstock leeches, hatching rates of cocoons, mortalities of broodstock leeches, the standard lengths and cocoon wet weights were significantly different among the different densities (P<0.05), and the average number of cocoons laid and hatching rates of cocoons were the highest under the density of 5 ind·tank-1. Mortality under the density of 50 ind·tank-1 was the highest at 29.60±5.55 ％, which was higher than those of other groups markedly. Furthermore, the group with 50 ind·tank-1had the smallest cocoon length and wet weight. These results demonstrated that the reproductive indices of parent leeches were the best optimal at 5 ind·tank-1 density treatment in different seasons, and seasonal change significantly affects the reproductive efficiency of the leechH.manillensisat the same broodstock density. The reproductive efficiency of parent leeches in spring-summer was higher than that in autumnwinter significantly, especially the hatching period in springsummer (44 d) was fewer than that in autumnwinter (100 d). In conclusion, this investigation has obtained the optimal breeding density, and demonstrated that the possibility of multiple reproduction of parent leeches during a year in southern China. This new information on the effect of season and density is beneficial for the commercial rearing and breeding industry of this species.关键词：reproductive habit;Hirudinaria manillensis;broodstock density;season
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The tissues of brain and liver ofChinemys reevesiiin vitroin vitro
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Camellia changiiYe is a plant with blooming multi~times throughout the year, its obovate, coriaceous and integer leaves and bifacial blades with heteromorphic structure in anatomy are very different from other species in genusCamellia.Its upper epidermis is consisted of one layer, occasionally two layers of cells, and lower epidermis is consisted of two layers of cells, that ie. multiple epidermis, outer of cuticle membrane is covered with transparent and compact waxy layer; stomata are mainly distributed on lower epidermis and slightly depressed, guard cells are surrounded by three subsidiary cells of different size; palisade tissue is consisted of one, sometime two layers of cylindrical cells; spongy tissue is consisted of numerous cells of different size and forms, which usually are connected in netted shape; upper side and lower side of the veins are coverer by flat circle vascular bundle sheath of fiber cells, the two ends of vascular bundle sheath are open. There are multiple layers of ground tissue, and some big stone cells and crystal cells in them, a team of stone cells is formed in parenchyma cells along main vein near epidermis especially besides its lower side, and the stone cell team is 3~4 stone cells in breadth. The stone cell is unequal in size and radially ramose. Its special structure showed that it is a xeromorphic mesophyte and possess some possibility to resistant strong sunlight.关键词：Camellia changii;anatomical structure of blade;heteromorphic structure
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：In order to assess the effects of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) on aquatic environment and specials,toxicity of Dimethyl phthalate（DMP）, Diethyl phthalate（DEP）, Dibutyl phthalate（DBP）and Di-(2-etylhexyl) phthalate（DEHP）to embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) was examined by means of 48 h exposure based on single and multicomponent orthogonal tests. Results showed that PAEs remarkably inhibited the embryonic development of zebrafish and caused embryo abnormality, even death. The most sensitive toxicological endpoints to four different congeners of PAEs had been identified. The toxicity of 4 PAEs to embryonic development of zebrafish was ranked as followed: DBP＞DEHP＞DEP＞DMP. In the orthogonal toxicity experiment, joint effects of DBP and DEHP were the key factors for increasing lethal ratio and developmental toxicity of PAEs. For DBP, results revealed that it had little effects on the lethal and developmental toxicity comparing with other components, but it can cause serious deformity in the combined toxicity experiment.关键词：phthalic acid esters;zabrafish;embryo toxicity test;combined toxicit
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：To investigate cold induced genes of plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.，ABB group） seedlings, a forward subtractive cDNA library is constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method, which is performed using the cDNA from plantain seedlings treated with low temperature as tester and those from untreated seedlings as driver.The library is differently screened through dot hybridization, about fifty clones are identified as cold specifically induced or highly expressed. After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, the results show that these expressed sequence tags （ESTs） are mainly related to genes involved in cell structure, protein synthesis, expression regulation, signal transduction and other uncertain functions. The research has established a basis for studying low temperature tolerance mechanism of plantain and further cloning genes related to coldresistance.
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Aqueous leaf leachate and leaf volatile ofEucalyptus urophyllawere used to test their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of eight native tree species, includingSchefflera octophyllaAcmena acuminatissima〖WTBX〗Cleistocalyx operculatusIlex trifloraSchima superbaCyclobalanopsis myrsinaefoliaHovenia dulcisMichelia maclurei. The results showed that aqueous leaf leachate had no suppression on the seed germination of all receptors. Aqueous leaf leachate had inhibition on the seedling growth ofSchefflera octophyllaAcmena acuminatissimaandIlex triflorawhile it had a promotion on that ofCyclobalanopsis myrsinaefoliaandHovenia dulcisat higher concentration. Leaf volatile had inhibitory effect on the seed germination ofAcmena acuminatissimaandSchima superbaat higher concentration of 350 g leaf weight per desiccator, andSchima superbaat 250 g leaf weight. However, it had no suppression on them under 150 g leaf weight treatment. On the other hand, leaf volatile had a significant suppressive effect ontheseedling growthofAcmena acuminatissimaIlex trifloraSchima superbaHovenia dulcisandMichelia maclureiat all concentrations. Leaf volatile also effectively decreased the seedling growths ofSchefflera octophyllaandCleistocalyx operculatusat 250 g and 350 g leaf weight. It did not inhibit the growth ofCyclobalanopsis myrsinaefoliautill at the concentration of 350 g leaf weight. With these results, we can conclude thatEucalyptus urophyllahas allelopathy and the allelochemical effects of the donor varies with the dose.It seems that allelopathy of leaf volatile is more intense than that of aqueous leaf leachate. Nevertheless, seedling growth is more easily suppressed than seed germination.关键词：allelopathy;leaf leachate;leaf volatile;native tree species;Eucalyptus urophylla
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：From Nov.2008 to Mar.2009, a systematical investigation on overwintering arthropod community was carried out in rice habitat and nonrice habitat in Qingxin, Guangdong Province. The results are as follows: 33 species of arthropods were collected, including 4 species of predators, 3 species of parasitoids, 16 species of insect pests, 3 species of neutral insects and 7 species of spiders. Spider is the dominant arthropod species in the ricericewinter follow field (WF) and weed habitat (WH), while Hemiptera dominates in ricericefield ridge (FR) and Diptera dominates in Lolium multiflorum L.(LL) ShannonWiener diversity indexes (H) and PielouEvenness (J) are highest in FR and lowest in LL. Simpson dominance index (C) is the highest in LL and the lowest in FR. Jaccard similarity index is the highest between WH and LL, while WF and FR treatments is the lowest.关键词：rice habitat;nonrice habitat;arthropod community;overwintering
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The current transitional stage is not only a process of social and economical transition, but also a process of dynamic adjustment of social actors and social relations. The spatial projection of the process is the social production of urban space. Based on the theory of spatial production, this paper discusses the characteristics, models and problems of the social production process of urban residential space, which was dominated by government, market and transitional communities, respectively. The conclusions are as follows The social production process of urban residential space shows its complexity, diversity and fickleness. The government-enterprise cooperation space production pattern is characterized by enterprise production and the government provision will be the main method of urban residential space production in the future.关键词：social production of urban space;residential space;social actors;Guangzhou city
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The daily NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data and daily rainfall data during 1958-2000 from the National Climate Center of China Meteorology Administrator are used to analyze dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics under the abnormal onset of South China Sea Summer Monsoon. Relationships among the cold air activity in South China, precipitation in the yearly first rainy period and abnormal onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon are explored. The results indicate: 1) the abnormal change of onset dates of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon is mostly decided by zonal wind. 2) The early (late) onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon is related to the early (late) reversal of the troposphere temperature meridional gradient under 200 hPa and the trend transmitting downwards. 3) The more active cold air is in spring and the more precipitation there is in South China, the earlier the onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon occurs. 4) A synthetic physical concept model about the relationships among South China cold air activity, precipitation in the yearly first rainy period and anomalous onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon is presented.关键词：South China Sea Summer Monsoon;anomalous onset;change of dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics;cold air;frontal precipitation in the yearly first rainy period
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Using two kinds of the monthly mean reanalyzed data of the ECMWF (1958-2001) and NCEP/NCAR, the relationship between onset dates of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon and the preceding meteorological fields is analyzed. It is found that there is a marked correlation between the onset dates and the wind fields (u,v,ω), geopotential height fields, air temperature fields in February. The forecast zones are defined as high correlation coefficient zones. Ten forecast factors are selected from the forecast zones. The results indicate that the onset dates are closely related to the factors that can forecast and diagnose SCS summer monsoon onset. Using these forecast factors and SAS statistic analysis system, the regressionforecast equation is established to forecast the monsoon onset date. The correlation coefficients between the fitting onset dates of SCS summer monsoon based on regressionforecast equation and onset dates from different references are over the 95% significance level. The regressionforecast equation can forecast monsoon onset dates with low error. This method is a new way to forecast SCS summer monsoon onset dates.关键词：South China Sea summer monsoon onset date;SAS statistic analysis system;regressionforecast equation
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：On the basis of Euclidean distance model with weights, this study improved the calculation of the weights. The weights were added to pollution factors according to different pollution contribution rates. The level I of surface water environmental quality standards was taken as the 'coordinate origin'. The Euclidean distances with varying weights between units and 'coordinate origin' and between other levels of surface water environmental quality standards and 'coordinate origin' were calculated. The latter served as a distance level evaluation criteria. The Euclidean distance model with varying weights was established, which is suitable for assessment of surface water quality. This model was applied in comprehensive assessment of water quality, using the monitoring water quality data obtained from 1996 to 2006 in Xucun section of the Dongyang River, a tributary of the Qiantang River. The outcome was compared with that of grey clustering model and fuzzy complex index method. The results showed consistence with actual water quality situation, indicating that the Euclidean distance model with varying weights has potential application in comprehensive assessment of surface water quality.关键词：Euclidean distance model with varying weights;grey clustering method;fuzzy complex index method;pollution contribution rate;comprehensive ssessment of surface water quality
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：The acid main drainage (AMD) in Dabaoshan mine is of extreme low pH values (pH=2.5～3.5) and high concentrations of ions such as Cd2+Pb2+Zn2+and SO42-which causes serious pollution of its downstream ecology. A strain ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidanswas isolated from the AMD and its growth properties were preliminarily studied. During the isolation of the strain, jarosite formed. The formation of jarosite results in the decrease of pH value of the solution. An experiment showed that concentrations of heavy metal ions such as Cd2+,Cu2+,Pb2+ and Zn2+in the AMD cultured with 9K media of pH 2.0～2.5 are higher than those with 9K medium of pH 3.0.关键词：acid main drainage;Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans;heavy metals;Dabaoshan mine
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发布时间：2023-12-11 - 摘要：Four times of investigation concerning phytoplankton and N- and P nutrients were carried out in twelve plantationaquaculture coupling ponds of mangrove in the Pearl River estuary. The results showed that single plantation or coupled plantation of four mangrove species Kandelia candeAegiceras corniculatumBruguiera gymnorrhizaandRhizophora stylosa could purify DIN and PO4-P to a certain extent, but algal abundance was still in eutrophication or supereutrophication status in each pond. Using cluster and NMDS analyses, it was proved that mangrove could change the community structure, but it could not decrease the abundance and eutrophication of the algae in short period. The complex innermechanism relationship of mangrove with algae should be studied further.关键词：plantationaquaculture coupling;mangrove;phytoplankton;nitrogen and phosphorus
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发布时间：2023-12-11
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