SUN Lei,LAN Yufeng,LIANG Xiuji,et al.The spatio-temporal prediction of ozone in Zhuhai based on graph convolutional memory network[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2024,63(03):48-59.
SUN Lei,LAN Yufeng,LIANG Xiuji,et al.The spatio-temporal prediction of ozone in Zhuhai based on graph convolutional memory network[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2024,63(03):48-59. DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.ZR20230043.
The spatio-temporal prediction of ozone in Zhuhai based on graph convolutional memory network
Ozone(O₃) has become the primary factor affecting air quality over the Pearl River Delta and even the entire Guangdong Province. Although data-driven statistical models have shown improved forecast capabilities compared to numerical models, most of them operate grid-by-grid and cannot resolve the spatial dependence between site data of non-Euclidean structures. Based on in-situ measurements from national environmental stations and surrounding weath
er stations in Zhuhai, this study performs hourly O₃ concentration forecasts for up to three days over multiple sites by constructing a graph convolution memory network (GCN-LSTM). The results show that GCN_LSTM forecasts at different lead times could accurately reproduce the annual, seasonal, and diurnal variations of O
3
, but the capability of capturing daily variations decreases significantly with the increase in lead time. Further comparisons with the operational numerical model(GRACEs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) reveal that GCN-LSTM performs the best, with mean RMSE=27.13 μg/m
3
and
R
=0.64, LSTM is the second (RMSE=28.44 μg/m
3
;
R
=0.61), and GRACEs presents distinct results (RMSE = 40.93 μg/m
3
;
R
=0.33) in 72h forecasting. Compared with LSTM, GCN-LSTM considers all sites and their interconnections, it not only increases the calculation speed by 71% but also performs better and more stably over different sites. Moreover, it is also optimal for capturing O₃ pollution events in cold seasons. Additional sensitivity experiments reveal that considering more correlated variables improves forecasting capabilities.
BASSETT R,YOUNG P J,BLAIR G S,et al,2020. A large ensemble approach to quantifying internal model variability within the WRF numerical model[J].J Geophys Res Atmos,125(7):e2019JD031286.
BRUNA J,ZAREMBA W,SZLAM A,et al,2013. Spectral networks and locally connected networks on graphs[EB/OL].arXiv:1312.6203.
CABANEROS S M,CALAUTIT J K,HUGHES B R,2019.A review of artificial neural network models for ambient air pollution prediction[J].Environ Model Softw,119(C):285-304.
EDER B,KANG D,MATHUR R,et al,2006. An operational evaluation of the Eta-CMAQ air quality forecast model[J].Atmos Environ,40(26):4894-4905.
GAO M,YIN L,NING J,2018. Artificial neural network model for ozone concentration estimation and Monte Carlo analysis[J].Atmos Environ,184:129-139.
HENZI A,ZIEGEL J F,GNEITING T,2021. Isotonic distributional regression[J].J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol,83(5):963-993.
HOCHREITER S,SCHMIDHUBER J,1997. Long short-term memory[J].Neural Comput,9(8):1735-1780.
KITAYAMA K,MORINO Y,YAMAJI K,et al,2019. Uncertainties in O3 concentrations simulated by CMAQ over Japan using four chemical mechanisms[J].Atmos Environ,198:448-462.
KRZYZANOWSKI M,COHEN A,2008. Update of WHO air quality guidelines[J].Air Qual Atmos Health,1(1):7-13.
LI M,LIU H,GENG G,et al,2017. Anthropogenic emission inventories in China:A review[J].Natl Sci Rev,4(6):834-866.
LU H,LYU X,CHENG H,et al,2019. Overview on the spatial-temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China[J].Environ Sci Processe Impacts,21(6):916-929.
PAK U,KIM C,RYU U,et al,2018. A hybrid model based on convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory for ozone concentration prediction [J]. Air Qual Atmos Health,11(8):883-895.
QI Y,LI Q,KARIMIAN H,et al,2019. A hybrid model for spatiotemporal forecasting of PM2.5 based on graph convolutional neural network and long short-term memory[J].Sci Total Environ,664:1-10.
SUN L,LAN Y,JIANG R,2023. Using CNN framework to improve multi-GCM ensemble predictions of monthly precipitation at local areas:An application over China and comparison with other methods[J].J Hydrol,623:129866.
XIAO X,JIN Z,WANG S,et al,2022. A dual-path dynamic directed graph convolutional network for air quality prediction[J].Sci Total Environ,827:154298.
YU B,YIN H,ZHU Z,2017.Spatio-temporal graph convolutional networks:A deep learning framework for traffic forecasting[EB/OL].arXiv:1709.04875.
ZHANG J,DING W,2017. Prediction of air pollutants concentration based on an extreme learning machine:The case of Hong Kong[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,14(2):114.
ZHANG Y,BOCQUET M,MALLET V,et al,2012. Real-time air quality forecasting,part I:History,techniques,and current status[J]. Atmos Environ,60:632-655.