Based on wave model and wave diffraction theory

the wave potential solutions to solitary wave diffraction by arc-shaped bottom-mounted porous breakwater are derived by applying the eigenfunction expansion approach

and accordingly the horizontal wave loads on breakwater and maximum solitary wave free surfaces are analytically calculated. The evaluating results demonstrate that the porosity of lateral surface of arc-shaped breakwater may lead in an obvious reduction in wave loads on breakwater and changes the distribution of maximum solitary wave free surfaces. Furthermore

the variation of incident wave angle

nonlinear influence parameter of wave

sea water condition

and breakwater structure geometry condition may have some influence on solitary wave effects on breakwater. Compared with small amplitude wave theory

it is known that in certain shallow water conditions the results of maximum dimensionless wave forces and wave free surfaces from solitary wave theory are obviously larger than those predicted by small amplitude wave theory for shallow water

it denotes that solitary wave theory can reflect shallow water wave nonlinear effects.